% Librarian I01-42! 7 vw 5COPY/DELETE4 DIRECTORYA(DISMOUNTDEXITDHELPH: INITIALIZEZ0MOUNTfzRENAMEnSHOWrTYPE 1 COPY> Transfers a file or files from an input volume to an outputC volume. You can use the COPY command to do any of the following:: o Copy a file from a foreign volume to a native volume: o Copy a file from a native volume to a foreign volumeC o Copy a file from one foreign volume to another foreign volume8 o Convert the format of the file during the transfer0 o Copy groups of files from volume to volume? o Give the output file a different name from the input file Format5 COPY input-file-spec[, . . . ] output-file-spec 2 Parameters input-file-spec[, . . . ]B Specifies the names of one or more input files to be copied. IfB you specify more than one input file, separate them with commas@ or plus signs. The syntax for input file names depends on theC volume format option. You can specify standard OpenVMS wildcardsB in both Files-11 and foreign file names. COPY supports wildcard-  directories for Files-11 and DOS-11 input.& NOTE@ The EXCHANGE COPY command does not process search lists as? input files. If you specify a search list as input to theB COPY command, only the first item is processed. For example,/ suppose you issue the following commands:7 $ DEFINE search_list [directory_1], [directory_2]3 $ EXCHANGE COPY search_list:*.* [directory_3]C The EXCHANGE command does not copy anything from directory_2. output-file-spec> Specifies the name of the output file, directory, or device? to which the input files are to be copied. If the input is aA single file, you can specify an explicit output name (which isD equivalent to a rename on a copy operation). If the input is moreD than one file, the output specifier must be one of the following:C o Wildcards (*, *.* or *.*;*) specifying current default device and directoryC o An explicit devi ce and/or directory for Files-11 output, suchB as BB:[EXCHANGE.TMP], with or without wildcards for the file name : o An explicit device for RT-11 as in DLA2:/VOLUME=RT11@ o An explicit device or directory for DOS-11 output, such as6 TAPE:/VOLUME=DOS11 or TAPE:[11,132]/VOLUME=DOS11; The output file names are constructed according to rules? implied by the input and output volume qualifiers. COPY doesB not concatenate multiple input files into a single outp ut file.D Wildcard directories are not permitted. The syntax for input file- names depends on the volume format option.9 You must specify at least one field in the output file7 specification; COPY replaces missing fields with the? corresponding field of the related input file specification.A If the input file has no corresponding field, COPY substitutes2 null text fields and maximizes version numbers.@ The UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current process.= F or DOS-11 output in UIC format, EXCHANGE uses the current@ default directory; otherwise, it uses the current process UICD as a directory. You can specify an alternate directory for DOS-11 output in the command. 2 Qualifiers /BOOT /BOOT[=nn]D Copies bootstrap information from a monitor and the handler filesD to blocks 0 and 2 through 5 of an RT-11 volume, permitting you toC use that volume as a system volume. The COPY/BOOT operation doesD not create any files on the volume; it is intended only to create bootable RT-11 systems.A The /BOOT qualifier implies /VOLUME_FORMAT=RT11 for both inputB and output specifications. The output device can be omitted, as@ it is assumed to be identical to the input device. You cannot? combine the /BOOT qualifier with qualifiers other than /LOG.@ The COPY/BOOT command requires that both the input and outputA devices be the same volume or virtual device. The file name ofD the desired mon itor must be specified as the input specification.@ RT-11 Version 1.0 through Version 3.0 monitors had the system@ device handler linked into the monitor image. For Version 4.0? of RT-11, the system device handler uses the standard device? handler, and the COPY/BOOT command must dynamically link the? handler into the bootstrap area. COPY/BOOT finds the defaultC handler for the specific device type and merges the handler with0 the monitor as it is copied to the boot area.A You can use the two-letter argument nn to override the default> system device handler. The most frequent use of this optionC occurs when a diskette is mounted in an RX02 drive, and you wantB to create a diskette bootable from an RX01 drive. (The diskette? must be single density.) The default handler for the RX02 isA DY.SYS, and the handler for the RX01 is DX.SYS; therefore, youA would use the command COPY/BOOT=DX to create the bootable RX01A system diskette. Do not specify /BOOT=nn for Version 3.0 RT-11C and earlier systems; instead, choose the monitor file DYMNxx.SYS$ or DXMNxx.SYS as the source file. /LOG /LOG /NOLOG? Controls whether the EXCHANGE command COPY displays the file? specifications of each file copied. If you specify /LOG, the> system displays the following data for each copy operation:A the file specifications of the input and output files, and theA number of blocks or the number of records copied (depending on? whether the file is copied on a block-by-block or record-by-( record basis). The default is /NOLOG. 2 File_Qualifiers /ALLOCATION /ALLOCATION=nA Forces the initial allocation of the output file to the number> of 512-byte blocks that you specified as n. The /ALLOCATION? qualifier is valid only for Files-11 and RT-11 output files.C By default, COPY determines the initial allocation of the output@ file by the size of the input file. Typically, /ALLOCATION isB needed only when you are creating a contiguous file on Files-11C (using /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS or /CONTIGUOUS), when the input fileD is on magnetic tape, or when you want additional space at the end of the file.A If you specify /ALLOCATION, the file's allocated size does notD change, unless you also specify /TRUNCATE. When you are unsure ofB the output size, you might want to specify both /ALLOCATION and /TRUNCATE. /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS /NOBEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS@ Indicates whether the Files-11 output file is to be allocatedC contiguously on a "best effort" basis; that is, whether EXCHANGE> will attempt to place the file on consecutive physical diskB blocks. If insufficient contiguous space is available, the fileB occupies the largest available contiguous space plus additional? extents as necessary for the rest of the allocation. You can7 apply this qualifier only to a Files-11 output file.A The /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copyD files to magnetic tape volumes. When you would like a file from aD magnetic tape to be copied contiguously, use both the /ALLOCATION? and the /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifiers, because the size of@ the file on magnetic tape cannot be determined until after itB is copied to the disk. If you do not know the exact size of the@ file, overestimate the size and specify /TRUNCATE (along with? /ALLOCATION and /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS) to avoid wasted space.) The default is /NOBEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS. /CARRIAGE_CONTROL /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=option@ Defines the carriage control attributes of a file, as well as@ other attributes of the records. The carriage control options@ are: CARRIAGE_RETURN, which implies carriage return/line-feed= control; FORTRAN, which indicates that the first character> of each record is to be interpreted as the carriage control@ specifier; and NONE, which indicates that carriage control is not implied.4 The default is /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=CARRIAGE_RETURN. /CONTIGUOUS /CONTIGUOUS /NOCONTIGUOUSB Indicates whether the copied file is to be contiguous; that is,B stored on consecutive physical blocks on an output disk volume.> The /CONTIGUOUS qualifier is valid only for Files-11 output files.A The /CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copy files toD magnetic tape volumes. When you would like a file from a magnetic? tape to be copied contiguously, use both the /ALLOCATION andB /CONTIGUOUS qualifiers because the size of the file on magneticB tape cannot be determined until after it is copied to the disk.B If you do not know the exact size of the file, overestimate theC size and specify the /TRUNCATE qualifier (along with /ALLOCATION* and /CONTIGUOUS) to avoid wasted space. The default is /NOCONTIGUOUS. /DELETE /DELETE /NODELETE; Contr ols whether COPY deletes existing files of the same> name during the copy operation. This qualifier is valid for@ RT-11 output only; it is equivalent to the RT-11 COPY command= qualifier /REPLACE. In fact, you can use the EXCHANGE COPY@ command qualifier /REPLACE to control file deletion, althoughD its function differs from that of /DELETE (see the description of7 the /REPLACE qualifier for details on its function).B If you want a message displayed when you delete a file, include@ the /LOG qualifier in your command. To prevent automatic file deletion, use /NODELETE.A The default is /DELETE. Files with the same name as the output< file name are deleted after the new file has been copied. /EXTENSION /EXTENSION=n@ Specifies the number of blocks to be added to the output file> each time the file is extended. This qualifier is valid for Files-11 output files only.= EXCHANGE determines the default extension according to the  following hierarchy:= 1. An explicit value specified on the /EXTENSION qualifierD 2. The current process default extension value set by the command SET RMS_DEFAULT> 3. The current system default extension value set at system; generation or with the SET RMS_DEFAULT/SYSTEM commandA Use the /EXTENSION qualifier to set an extension quantity withC magnetic tape input; EXCHANGE preallocates a file of the correct; size when the input is on a directory-structured-device. /PROTECT /PROTECT /NOPROTECTA Determines whether protection is set for an RT-11 output file.= The owner UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current> process. This qualifier is not valid for Files-11 or DOS-11D output files. Protection attributes for Files-11 output are taken/ from the current process default protection.C EXCHANGE does not attempt to transfer protection attributes fromC the input file to the output file, because protection mechanisms? of various operating systems do not readily translate to one another. The default is /NOPROTECT. /RECORD_FORMAT' /RECORD_FORMAT=(option[, . . . ])D Defines the internal record structure of a file, as well as other attributes of the records. /REPLACE /REPLACE /NOREPLACE@ Requests that if an RT-11 output file already exists with theC same file specification as that entered for the output file, the@ existing file  is to be deleted before the copy proceeds. COPYB allocates new space for the output file. The /REPLACE qualifier@ is valid for RT-11 output only; it is equivalent to the RT-11% COPY command qualifier /PREDELETE.B By default, COPY creates the new file first and then, after theC copy operation is done, deletes the previous file. However, whenD you use /REPLACE, COPY deletes the previous file before it copiesA the new file. This can be a problem if the input file has beenD corrupted because the previous version of the file will have beenA deleted. Therefore, you should use /REPLACE only when there is0 insufficient room for two copies of the file. /REWIND /REWIND /NOREWINDA Determines whether a DOS-11 input magnetic tape reel logically> rewinds to the beginning-of-tape mark (BOT) before EXCHANGED searches for the file name specified in the input specifier. ThisC qualifier is valid for DOS-11 magnetic tape only. The default is /NOREWIND.D Use the /REWIND qualifier when you want COPY to search for a fileC from the logical beginning of the magnetic tape, instead of from- the current physical position of the tape. /START_BLOCK /START_BLOCK=[n]B For RT-11 volumes, specifies the logical block number where theA file is to be placed. This qualifier is especially useful with@ TU58 tape cassettes, because performance can be significantly* enhanced by careful placement of files. /SYSTEM /SYSTEM /NOSYSTEMD Controls whether the COPY command copies files that have the fileD type SYS. Files with a file type of SYS are usually necessary forB the operation of an RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle SYS files in this manner.> The default is /NOSYSTEM; the COPY command does not copy an> RT-11 file with the type SYS, whether matched by a wildcardA specification or explicitly named. EXCHANGE displays a message= whenever it skips over a SYS file during a copy operation. /TRANSFER_MODE /TRANSFER_MODE=optionD Specifies the I/O method to be used in a transfer. This qualifier$ is useful for all volume formats. Option Function< AUTO Select BLOCK transfer for efficiency if possible> BLOCK Transfer block by block without looking at records% RECORD Transfer record by recordA The default is the AUTOMATIC transfer mode. In AUTOMATIC mode,? EXCHANGE attempts to use a BLOCK tr ansfer whenever possible.@ BLOCK transfers are possible between RT-11 volumes or betweenC RT-11 and DOS-11 volumes, since the internal file structures areA identical. AUTOMATIC does not use the BLOCK transfer if either: file specification contains a /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier.8 A BLOCK transfer moves data between devices. Since no? interpretation is done on the data, BLOCK transfers are moreC efficient than RECORD transfers. The block sizes on both devicesD must be identic !al. Both input and output must be in BLOCK format.@ Specifying BLOCK on one parameter implies BLOCK for the other file or device specification.> A BLOCK transfer produces an exact copy of the file. If the; output device is Files-11, the file will be a sequential@ file with fixed-length 512-byte records. This feature is used? primarily to avoid any interpretation of the data during theD transfer. If the Files-11 file is a sequential file with 512-byteD fixed-length records, " there is no difference between a /TRANSFER_8 MODE=BLOCK transfer and a /RECORD=FIXED=512 transfer.> A RECORD transfer moves the data record by record. A RECORDA transfer requires more time than a BLOCK transfer, but it must< be used if the input and output record structures differ.> When the /LOG qualifier is used in a COPY command, EXCHANGE? displays the size of the file that was transferred. If BLOCKB mode was used, the message gives the file size as the number ofD blo#cks transferred. If RECORD mode was used, the message displays the number of records. /TRUNCATE /TRUNCATE /NOTRUNCATE@ Controls whether COPY truncates an output file at the end-of-B file when copying it. The default is /NOTRUNCATE; COPY uses theC allocation of the input file to determine the size of the output file. /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=optionA Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The< default forma$t qualifier is dependent on the device type.? If used, volume format qualifiers must be attached to one orD both of the file specification parameters; you cannot attach themD directly to the command. A volume format qualifier determines theB format of the file name and directory specifications, and often implies certain defaults. 2 DescriptionC COPY transfers a file or files from an input volume to an output volume.D You can create multiple output files by speci %fying multiple inputC files. When multiple output files are created, the corresponding> field from each input file is used in the output file name.C If you do not specify a version number for Files-11 output, COPY' applies a version number as follows:? o The same version number as that of the input file, if theA input volume structure supports version numbers and no file( exists with the same name and typeC o A version number that is one greater than the high&est versionA number of an existing file with the same file name and file type0 o Version 1, if neither of the above applies@ If you use an asterisk (*) wildcard character to specify theC output file version number, COPY uses the version numbers of the@ associated input files (if any) as the version numbers of the output files.@ Note that ANSI-formatted magnetic tapes do not handle version' numbers in the same manner as disks.? EXCHANGE might reformat ' files during the copy operation. TheC defaults for reformatting are dependent on the record and volumeC format qualifiers that are attached to both the input and output> file specifications, as well as the type fields of the file specifications.A The COPY command does not copy a file with the SYS type unlessD you specify the /SYSTEM qualifier. EXCHANGE displays a message if@ it passes over one or more SYS files during a copy operation.= EXCHANGE does not copy files wi (th the type BAD if the file@ specification contains wildcards. EXCHANGE does not display aB message when it passes over one or more BAD files during a copyB operation. Therefore, to copy a file with the type BAD, specify7 the file name explicitly instead of using wildcards. 2 Examples8 1.EXCHANGE> COPY TEST.DAT DYA0:NEWTST.DAT/VOLUME=RT11@ The command in this example copies the contents of the fileC TEST.DAT from the default disk and directory into a file named )A NEWTST.DAT on an RT-11 diskette (mounted on DYA0). If a fileC named NEWTST.DAT already exists, the COPY command replaces it.A The record formats are variable length on the Files-11 input* and ASCII stream on the RT-11 output.2 2.EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG TEST.DAT DYA0:NEWTST.DATE %EXCHANGE-S-DELETEPREV, previous copy of DYA0:NEWTST.DAT deleted/ %EXCHANGE-S-COPIED, WRKD$:[FRED]TEST.DAT;58 copied to DYA0:NEWTST.DAT, 93 records@ The command i *n this example is the same as in the preceding@ example, except that the /LOG qualifier is included so thatA the actions of the command are displayed. The /VOLUME_FORMATD qualifier is omitted; EXCHANGE defaults to RT-11 format for theD foreign mounted diskette. Since a file named NEWTST.DAT already= exists on the diskette (from the command in the previous> example), the first copy of the file is deleted after the- second copy is successfully transferred.5 3.E +XCHANGE> COPY/LOG LARGE.DAT DYA0:/VOLUME=RT11E %EXCHANGE-S-DELETEPREV, previous copy of _DYA0:LARGE.DAT deletedA %EXCHANGE-W-RTOUTEOF, end-of-file on output _DYA0:LARGE.DAT,! insufficient space on volumeH %EXCHANGE-I-PARTCOPIED, WRKD$:[FRED]LARGE.DAT;9 partially copied to" _DYA0:LARGE.DAT, 1670 records= EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG/REPLACE LARGE.DAT DYA0:/VOLUME=RT11E %EXCHANGE-S-DELETEPREV, previous copy of _DYA0:LARGE.DAT deleted: %EXCHANGE-S-COPIED, WRKD$:[ ,FRED]LARGE.DAT;9 copied to" _DYA0:LARGE.DAT, 3288 records= The first command in this example fails because there is@ insufficient space on DYA0 for EXCHANGE to do a normal copy> (that is, to copy the file into a temporary file on DYA0,? delete the existing file of the same name, and then rename the temporary file).= The second command in this example includes the /REPLACEC qualifier, which directs COPY to delete an existing version ofC the output -file before copying the new file. The first messageB generated by this command indicates that EXCHANGE has deletedA an existing file. The second message indicates that the copy* operation has successfully completed.? 4.EXCHANGE> COPY MTA0:[11,132]*.COM/VOLUME=DOS11 [FRED.TEMP]D The command in this example copies all files with the file typeC COM owned by UIC [11,132] to the subdirectory [FRED.TEMP]. TheA default DOS-11 record format is STREAM. The default Files.-11 record format is VARIABLE.. 5.EXCHANGE> COPY/BOOT DYA0:RT11SJ.SYS DYA0:= The COPY/BOOT command in this example makes the diskette< mounted on the RX02 drive DYA0 a bootable RT-11 system.C Bootstrap information is written to the volume using the RT-11@ single job monitor RT11SJ.SYS and the system device handler> DY.SYS. The diskette can be formatted in single or double density.1 6.EXCHANGE> COPY/BOOT=DX DYA0:RT11SJ.SYS DYA0:> As in the p /revious example, the COPY/BOOT command in this@ example makes the diskette mounted on the RX02 drive DYA0 a@ bootable RT-11 system. In this example, however, the system= device handler is DX.SYS, the RX01 diskette handler. TheB diskette must be formatted in single density in order to boot on the RT-11 system.( 7.EXCHANGE> COPY/BOOT CSA1:CONSOL.SYSD The command in this example writes bootstrap information on the/ console storage device on a VAX processor.0= 8.EXCHANGE> COPY DMA0:FROG.DAT/VOLUME=RT11/RECORD=STREAM -6 _EXCHANGE> FROG4JUN.DAT/RECORD=(FIXED=80,PAD=" ")A The command in this example copies an ASCII stream file (theD default) from an RT-11 volume to the current default device andA directory. The output contains fixed-length records that are1 padded to 80 bytes with the space character. ww^ 1 DELETEB Deletes one or more files from a foreign block-addressable mass? storage vol1ume. EXCHANGE does not delete files from Files-11B volumes; the DELETE command is supported only on RT-11 volumes. Format DELETE file-spec[, . . . ] 2 Parameter file-spec[, . . . ]B Specifies the names of one or more files to be deleted. You can? specify wildcard characters in any of the file specification fields.A To delete more than one file, separate the file specifications with commas or plus signs.> The DELETE command does not delet2e a file with the SYS type@ unless you specify the /SYSTEM qualifier. EXCHANGE displays aB message if it passes over one or more SYS files during a delete operation.? EXCHANGE does not delete files with the type BAD if the fileD specification contains wildcards. When this happens, you will notC receive a warning. Therefore, to delete files with the type BAD,. enter their file specifications explicitly. 2 Qualifiers /LOG /LOG /NOLOG8 Contr3ols whether the DELETE command displays the file= specification of each deleted file. The default is /NOLOG. /SYSTEM /SYSTEM /NOSYSTEMB Controls whether the DELETE command deletes files with the fileB type SYS. Files with the type SYS are usually necessary for the? operation of an RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle .SYS files in this manner.? The default is /NOSYSTEM; the DELETE command does not deleteA an RT-11 file with the SYS type, whethe4r matched by a wildcardA specification or explicitly named. EXCHANGE displays a message: whenever it skips a SYS file during a delete operation. /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=option= Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed.B RT-11 volumes are the only volumes on which DELETE is currently supported. 2 Examples1 1.EXCHANGE> DELETE DMA0:COMMON.SUM/VOLUME=RT11A The command in this example deletes the file COMMON.SUM from 5 the RT-11 device DMA0. 2.EXCHANGE> DELETE DXA0:*.OLD@ The command in this example deletes all files with the file type OLD from the diskette.8 3.EXCHANGE> MOUNT /VIRTUAL TEST: TEST.DSK/VOLUME=RT11- EXCHANGE> DELETE TEST:ALPHA.TXT,BETA.TXT@ The command in this example deletes the files ALPHA.TXT and4 BETA.TXT from the virtual device file TEST.DSK. ww^ 1 DIRECTORYC Provides a list of files or information about a file or group o6fB files. The files must reside on a foreign volume; EXCHANGE does, not list directories of Files-11 volumes. Format% DIRECTORY [file-spec[, . . . ]] 2 Parameters file-spec[, . . . ]? Specifies one or more files to be listed. The /VOLUME_FORMAT; qualifier determines the syntax of a file specification.B To specify more than one file, separate the file specificationsD with either commas or plus signs. You can use wildcard charactersC in the di7rectory specification, file name, file type, or version) number fields of a file specification. 2 Qualifiers /ALL /ALL /NOALLD Lists all deleted or unused files on an RT-11 volume, in addition; to other files selected by the command. For example, theA following command lists all MACRO source files, in addition to deleted and unused files:% EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY DMA0:*.MAC/ALL /BADBLOCKS /BADBLOCKS /NOBADBLOCKSC Scans8 the volume to find any blocks that return read errors. TheA data on the volume is not modified. If a bad block replacementB table is present, the contents of the table are displayed. This# is valid for RT-11 volumes only. /BLOCKS /BLOCKS /NOBLOCKSA Lists the starting block number of the file. This qualifier isB valid only for directories of RT-11 devices. The first block of: the device is block number 0. The default is /NOBLOCKS. /BRIEF 9 /BRIEF /NOBRIEFD Includes only the file name of each file to be listed. SpecifyingC the /BRIEF qualifier is equivalent to specifying /NODATE/NOSIZE. The default is /BRIEF. /COLUMNS /COLUMNS=nA Lists the files, using the specified number of columns on eachB line of the display. This qualifier is used in conjunction with> the /BRIEF qualifier (either explicitly or by default). TheB default number of columns is dependent on the volume format andC t:he information requested. The DIRECTORY command attempts to use@ as many columns as possible. If you request too many columns,D DIRECTORY displays a message and reduces the number of columns to& the number that fit on the listing. /DATE /DATE /NODATE; Includes the date for each file listed. If you omit this# qualifier, the default is /DATE. /DELETED /DELETED /NODELETEDB Lists a directory of files that have been deleted from an R;T-11B device, but whose file name information has not been destroyed.> The listing includes the file names, types, sizes, creationA dates, and starting block numbers (in decimal, unless you alsoC specify the /OCTAL qualifier) of the deleted files. The /DELETEDB qualifier is valid only with block-addressable volumes in RT-11% format. The default is /NODELETED. /FREE /FREE /NOFREE< Includes unused areas in the directory listing. The /FREE8 qualifier< is valid only with RT-11 formatted volumes. /FULL@ Lists all the available information for each file. The format@ of the listing depends on the format of the volume. The /FULL8 qualifier overrides the default brief listing format. /OCTAL /OCTAL /NOOCTALB Controls whether numeric information is displayed in decimal orB octal format. The default is /NOOCTAL; numbers are displayed in? decimal radix. Dates are always displayed in decimal format. =/OUTPUT /OUTPUT[=file-spec]? Writes the DIRECTORY output to a specified file, rather than? to the current SYS$OUTPUT device. If you specify the /OUTPUTD qualifier without a file specification, the output is directed toC SYS$OUTPUT. If you omit the file type in the file specification,D the default file type is LIS. If you specify a file type and omit@ the file name, the default file name is EXCHDIRE. No wildcard4 characters are allowed in the file specification.> /OWNERD Displays information about the owner of a volume and the files onD the volume. For RT-11, the volume owner is shown. For DOS-11, the" UIC of the file owner is shown. /PRINTERB Queues the command output for printing under the name specified< by the /OUTPUT qualifier. If you specify /PRINTER without@ the /OUTPUT qualifier, the output is directed to a file named@ EXCHDIRE.LIS, which is spooled for printing and then deleted. /SIZE /SIZE ? /NOSIZE= Displays the file size in blocks for each file listed. The default is /SIZE. /SUMMARY /SUMMARY /NOSUMMARY@ Lists a summary of the usage of the directory segments for anA RT-11 volume. If a bad block replacement table is present, the' contents of the table are displayed. /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=optionA Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The2 default format is dependent on the device type.@D The EXCHANGE command DIRECTORY is not valid for Files-11 devices. 2 DescriptionC The output of the DIRECTORY command depends on the volume formatC and on certain formatting qualifiers and defaults. The following! are the formatting qualifiers: /ALL /BLOCKS /BRIEF /COLUMNS /DATE /FULL /OCTAL /OWNER /SIZE@ The files that are listed always appear in the order in whichA they appear in the volume directory or the order in which theyA reside on a magnetic tape. 2 Examples3 1.EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY DLA2:.OBJ/VOLUME=RT11/FULLB The command in this example lists all files with the type OBJD on the RT-11 volume mounted on DLA2. The /FULL qualifier causes@ the file sizes and dates to be listed along with the names.+ 2.EXCHANGE> DIRECTORY MFA0:/VOLUME=DOS11> The command in this example lists all files on the DOS-11@ magnetic tape mounted on MFA0. The magnetic tape is rewound! before Bthe files are listed. ww 1 DISMOUNT@ Releases a volume previously accessed by the EXCHANGE command MOUNT. Format DISMOUNT device-name[:] 2 Parameters device-name[:]= Specifies the name of the device to be dismounted. You can? specify a physical device name or a logical name assigned to? a physical device name. If you omit a controller designation> or a unit number, the defaults are controller A and unit 0,C resCpectively. You can also specify the name of a virtual device. 2 Qualifiers /MESSAGE /MESSAGE /NOMESSAGE? Controls whether or not EXCHANGE displays a message that theC volume was dismounted. The default is determined by the /MESSAGEA qualifier on the EXCHANGE command when EXCHANGE was activated. 2 Description< The DISMOUNT command closes all connections that EXCHANGEB maintains to the device. This command does not affect the state? of the Doperating system mount; the device remains accessibleB to OpenVMS. If you do not use the DISMOUNT command, an implicit= DISMOUNT is automatically executed when you exit EXCHANGE.; The DISMOUNT command is valid only with foreign devices. 2 Example EXCHANGE> MOUNT/FOREIGN MTA0:/ EXCHANGE> COPY MTA0:AVERAGE.FOR/VOLUME=DOS11 * EXCHANGE> DISMOUNT MTA0:D The first command in this example mounts the tape on the deviceC MTA0. The second command in this example transfEers a file fromA the magnetic tape to the current default directory. The last? command releases EXCHANGE's access to the volume; however,? the volume is still mounted on the operating system and is accessible to OpenVMS. ww 1 EXITC Terminates execution of EXCHANGE. Control is returned to the DCL; command level. You can also use CTRL/Z to exit EXCHANGE. Format EXIT ww 1 HELP? Displays informFation about EXCHANGE commands and qualifiers. Format2 HELP [command [qualifier [option [option]]]] 2 Parameters command; Specifies the name of the EXCHANGE command that you wantD information about. If you omit the command, HELP displays general; information listing all commands recognized by EXCHANGE. qualifier3 Gives the name of the qualifier to be explained. option0 Gives the name of the option to be explained. 2 Descrip GtionD For an overview of EXCHANGE and a listing of the EXCHANGE command3 names, enter the HELP command with no arguments.> If you enter HELP and the name of an EXCHANGE command, HELP> displays a description of the command followed by a list of< related qualifiers. For information on any of the related6 qualifiers, enter the qualifier name at the prompt.D You can also obtain information on any EXCHANGE command qualifierC by entering HELP, the command, and the qualifier at tHhe EXCHANGE prompt, as follows:! EXCHANGE> HELP COPY/CONTIGUOUS? For information on a qualifier with options, enter HELP, theA command, the qualifier, and the option at the EXCHANGE prompt.D If you specify an asterisk (*) in place of any keyword, the HELP< command displays all information available at that level.C If you specify an ellipsis ( . . . ) after any keyword, the HELP= command displays all information relating to that keyword.@ You can specify perIcent signs and asterisks in the keyword as wildcard characters. 2 Example EXCHANGE> HELP COPY/VOLUME...> The command in this example displays all the help that is? available for the COPY qualifier /VOLUME_FORMAT, including) descriptions of each of the options. ww 1 INITIALIZE? Formats and writes a label on a foreign mass storage volume.A For directory-structured devices, the device directory is also initialized. FormaJt+ INITIALIZE device-name [volume-label]0 INITIALIZE/CREATE file-name [volume-label] 2 Parameters device-name= Specifies the name of the device on which the volume to be% initialized is physically mounted.B The device name can also refer to the name of a mounted virtual device to be reinitialized. file-nameC For INITIALIZE/CREATE, file-name refers to the name of a file to2 be created and initialized as a virtual device. voluKme-labelD Specifies the identification to be written onto the volume header? for RT-11 volumes only. The volume label can contain up to a@ maximum of 12 alphanumeric characters. The default is OpenVMS? Exchange. Use quotation marks to specify a volume label with lowercase letters. 2 Qualifiers /ALLOCATION /ALLOCATION=nA Specifies the allocation of a new virtual device file in termsA of 512-byte blocks. The allocation specified is the number youL@ entered as n. If you do not specify the /ALLOCATION qualifierD when you create a new virtual device file, the default allocationD is 494 blocks, the size of a single-density diskette. The maximum allocation is 65,536 blocks.A A virtual device file is usually the size of a standard deviceC supported by both RT-11 and OpenVMS. These sizes are as follows: Device Blocks TU58 512 RX01 494! RX02 494 (single density) RX50 800! RX02 M 988 (double density) RX33 2400 RL02 20480 RK06 27126 RK07 53790@ You can also use the /ALLOCATION qualifier to reduce the size< of a physical device. For example, if you want to prepare? an RL02 disk but have only an RK07 device available, you canB initialize the RK07 to a volume of 20,480 blocks. When the RL02D is available, you can transfer the files to the RL02 knowing they" will fit on the smaller device. /BADBLOCKS /B NADBLOCKS[=RETAIN]C Performs a bad block scan of the volume before initialization. AC file named FILE.BAD is created on top of each bad block or groupA of bad blocks encountered on the device, preventing any future use of the bad areas.A If a bad block is found in either the boot block or the volume< directory, the volume is not usable and EXCHANGE displays? an error message. If the bad block is in a directory segment? other than the first, you might be able to use th Oe volume by? reinitializing it with a smaller number of segments (see the$ /SEGMENTS qualifier description).? If you specify /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN, EXCHANGE uses the device'sD existing bad block information, instead of performing a bad block? scan. Therefore, initializing takes less time. If you do notA specify RETAIN, EXCHANGE writes a pattern on each block of theD volume, then reads each block to verify that the block is usable.@ EXCHANGE prints a list of the bad blocks fo Pund on the device.C RK06, RK07, and RL02 disk volumes support bad block replacement.A Therefore, Digital recommends that you use the /REPLACE=RETAINC qualifier for these volumes. If you use the /BADBLOCKS qualifier: with a volume initializied previously with the /REPLACEB qualifier, EXCHANGE deletes the bad block replacement table andC performs a new bad block scan. If you use /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN withA such a volume, EXCHANGE uses the FILE.BAD files created during the volQume initialization. /CREATED Specifies that a virtual device is to be created and initialized.A The specification is a file name; if a file type is not given,, EXCHANGE applies the default type of DSK. /DENSITY /DENSITY=density-valueA Specifies, for magnetic tape volumes, the density in bytes per1 inch (bpi) at which the tape is to be written.D For magnetic tape volumes, the density value specified can be 800D or 1600, as long as the density is suRpported by the magnetic tapeA drive. If you do not specify a density value for a blank tape,C the system uses a default of the lowest density supported by the tape drive.@ For the RX02 dual-density diskette drive, use the DCL command< INITIALIZE/DENSITY=SINGLE or INITIALIZE/DENSITY=DOUBLE to> reformat the diskettes to a different density; then use the< EXCHANGE command INITIALIZE to create the RT-11 directory structure.& NOTE= SDiskettes formatted in double density cannot be read orA written by the console block storage device (an RX01 drive)@ of a VAX-11/780 until they have been reformatted in single density. /EXTRA_WORDS /EXTRA_WORDS=nA Specifies, for RT-11 volumes, the number of extra words to addD to each directory entry, in addition to the required seven words.D The ability to increase the length of directory entries is usefulD for some RT-11 applications. Increasing tThe size of the directoryC entries reduces the number of entries that fit in each directory segment. /MESSAGE /MESSAGE /NOMESSAGE? Controls whether or not EXCHANGE displays a message that theD volume was initialized. The default is determined by the /MESSAGE@ qualifier entered with the EXCHANGE command when EXCHANGE was activated. /REPLACE /REPLACE=RETAIN> Retains, when an RT-11 volume is initialized, the bad block5 replacement t Uable and any existing FILE.BAD files.9 The RETAIN option is required; EXCHANGE cannot build a> replacement table for a volume. The RT-11 system builds andB uses the table based on specific hardware error conditions. The@ OpenVMS I/O system is different, and cannot be relied upon toC generate exactly the same error conditions. Therefore, it is notD possible for EXCHANGE to generate the same replacement table that would be generated by RT-11.D If no replacement table is Vpresent, the qualifier /REPLACE=RETAIN& is equivalent to /BADBLOCKS=RETAIN. /SEGMENTS /SEGMENTS=n> Defines, for RT-11 volumes, the number of 2-block directoryA segments to allocate for the directory. The number of segments? in the directory establishes the number of files that can be> stored on a device. The system allows a maximum of 72 filesB per directory segment and 31 directory segments per device. TheD argument n represents the number of segments; the vWalid range forB n is from 1 to 31 (decimal). The default values for n depend on the device type, as follows: Device Segments TU58 1 RX01 1 RX02 1 (single density) RX02 4 (double density) RX50 4 RX33 16 RL02 16 RK06 16 RK07 31 /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=option= Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed.< The EXCHANGE command INITIALIZE is not valid foXr Files-11 devices. 2 DescriptionB The EXCHANGE command INITIALIZE erases all files from a volume.@ After initialization, the volume directory contains no files.C DOS-11 magnetic tapes and RT-11 block-addressable devices can be initialized.: The device must be mounted with the /FOREIGN qualifier. 2 Examples 1.$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DLA2:6 %MOUNT-I-MOUNTED, mounted on DLA2 $ EXCHANGE EXCHANGE> INITIALIZE DLA2:J %EXCHANGE-S Y-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 volume _DLA2: has been initializedB The command in this example initializes the volume mounted onB the RL02 drive DLA2. Since DLA2 is a block-addressable device> mounted with the /FOREIGN qualifier, RT-11 is the default@ format. EXCHANGE physically scans all blocks of the volume,A builds a bad block replacement table, and displays a message9 indicating that it failed to turn up any bad blocks., 2.EXCHANGE> INITIALIZE MTA0:/DENSITY=1600@ Z The command in this example initializes the DOS-11 magneticA tape volume loaded on MTA0. The density is specified as 1600> bpi; the default would have been 800 bpi for an MT drive.8 3.EXCHANGE> INITIALIZE/CREATE/ALLOCATION=1000 VIRTUAL[ %EXCHANGE-S-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 volume DRB0:[LOGIN]VIRTUAL.DSK has been initializedA The command in this example creates a virtual device with an@ allocation of 1000 blocks in the directory [LOGIN] on DRB0.0 EXCHANGE appl[ies the default file type DSK. ww 1 MOUNT; Makes a foreign volume and the files or data it containsC available for processing by EXCHANGE. The EXCHANGE command MOUNTA enters the device into internal tables maintained by EXCHANGE. Format MOUNT device-name) MOUNT/VIRTUAL device-name file-name 2 Parameters device-nameC Specifies the physical device name or logical name of the device? on which the volume is to be \mounted. For MOUNT/VIRTUAL, the@ device-name parameter supplies a name for the virtual device. file-nameD For MOUNT/VIRTUAL only, the file-name parameter gives the name of7 the file containing the image of the foreign volume. 2 Qualifiers /DATA_CHECK /DATA_CHECK[=(READ,WRITE)] /NODATA_CHECK@ Determines whether EXCHANGE performs a second operation after< every I/O operation to verify that the data was correctly= transferred. If you speci ]fy /DATA_CHECK=WRITE, after everyB write operation EXCHANGE rereads the data that was just written@ and compares it with the original data. If you specify /DATA_C CHECK=READ, EXCHANGE reads each block of data twice and verifies5 that both read operations received identical data.D It is usually more efficient to use the /DATA_CHECK option on theC DCL command MOUNT than to use the option on the EXCHANGE commandB MOUNT. If you mount a device with the DCL command MOUNT/FOREIGNC ^ /DATA_CHECK, OpenVMS can use features in the device hardware and9 device driver to perform the redundant I/O operations.A The RX01 and RX02 diskette drives do not contain the necessaryA features for the operating system to perform data checking. If@ you use the DCL command MOUNT/DATA_CHECK with a diskette, the@ system is unable to perform data checking (no warning message@ is displayed). EXCHANGE is able to recognize, however, that aD diskette was mounted with the data ch_ecking option; in this case,C EXCHANGE performs the software data checking internally, even if? you have not specified an explicit MOUNT/DATA_CHECK command.B If you specify the /DATA_CHECK qualifier without an option, the default is /DATA_CHECK=WRITE. /FOREIGNB Indicates that the volume is not in the standard format used by@ the OpenVMS operating system; that is, a magnetic tape volumeA is not in the standard ANSI format, or a disk volume is not inB Files-11 form `at. The EXCHANGE command MOUNT mounts only foreignC volumes. The /FOREIGN qualifier is the default. You must use the. DCL command MOUNT to mount OpenVMS volumes.C The default protection applied to foreign volumes is RWLP (Read,> Write, Logical I/O, Physical I/O) for the system and owner.> If you mount a volume currently in Files-11 format with theC /FOREIGN qualifier, you must have the user privilege to overrideD volume protection (VOLPRO), or your UIC must match the UIC on tahe volume. /MESSAGE /MESSAGE /NOMESSAGEC Controls whether EXCHANGE displays a message indicating that the@ volume was mounted. The default is determined by the /MESSAGEB qualifier specified with the EXCHANGE command when EXCHANGE was invoked. /VIRTUAL? Mounts a Files-11 file as a virtual device. When you specifyA /VIRTUAL, the MOUNT command requires two parameters. The firstA parameter is a device name assigned as the name of the virtualb@ device. The second parameter is the name of the Files-11 file) that is the image of a foreign volume. /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=option= Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. /WRITE /WRITE /NOWRITE> Controls whether the volume can be written. You can specify; /NOWRITE to protect files by providing read-only access.A Specifying /NOWRITE is equivalent to write-locking the device.C The default is /WRITE. If / cWRITE is specified (either explicitlyA or by default) and the volume itself is write-locked, EXCHANGED displays a message to inform you that the volume is write-locked. 2 DescriptionC The EXCHANGE command MOUNT enters the description of the foreignD volume in internal tables maintained by EXCHANGE. This command isC different from the DCL command MOUNT, which enters the device in5 tables maintained by the OpenVMS operating system.= A virtual volume must be explicitly d mounted with the MOUNT /VIRTUAL command.B If an EXCHANGE command is given on an unmounted foreign volume,? EXCHANGE attempts to execute an implied MOUNT/FOREIGN/WRITE-? /NODATACHECK on the device. This feature enables EXCHANGE to* operate in the single-command DCL mode.C If a MOUNT/FOREIGN (either implied or explicit) command is given@ for a foreign device that has not been mounted on the OpenVMSB system, EXCHANGE issues the equivalent of the DCL command MOUNTB /FOeREIGN and attempts to make the volume known to the operating? system. Any volume mounted in this way remains mounted after EXCHANGE exits.D When EXCHANGE issues the MOUNT/FOREIGN command, the system checks the following:< o That the device has not been allocated to another user@ o That a volume is physically loaded on the specified deviceD o For magnetic tapes, the volume accessibility field of the VOL1 label 2 Examples 1.EXCHANGE> MOUNT MT:2 f %EXCHANGE-I-MOUNTED, MATH06 mounted on _MTA0:@ The command in this example requests that the magnetic tapeB loaded on the device MTA0 be mounted as a foreign volume. The@ tape label is displayed, since the tape has been previously? initialized as an ANSI-labeled tape with the label MATH06.? This tape cannot be accessed as a Files-11 tape; it shouldB be reinitialized as a DOS-11 tape during the current EXCHANGE session. 2.EXCHANGE> MOUNT DMA1:2 %gEXCHANGE-I-WRITELOCK, volume is write-locked. %EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTED, volume DMA1: mountedB The command in this example mounts the foreign volume that is@ loaded in the RK07 device DMA1, making the volume availableC for subsequent EXCHANGE commands. EXCHANGE recognizes that the; volume itself is write-locked, and displays a message. ww' 1 RENAMEA Changes the file specification of an existing file on an RT-11 volume. Format- RhENAME input-file-spec output-file-spec 2 Parameters input-file-specD Specifies the names of one or more files whose specifications are to be changed.A You can use wildcard characters in the file name and file typeA specification; if you do, all files that satisfy the specified fields are renamed. output-file-specA Provides the new file specification to be applied to the inputC file. The RENAME command uses the file name and file type of the@ i input file specification to provide defaults for nonspecified fields in the output file.= You can specify an asterisk (*) in place of the file name? or file type of the output file; the RENAME command uses theB corresponding field in the input file specification to name the? output file. Specifying wildcard characters in corresponding@ fields of the input and output file specifications results in multiple rename operations.> You can omit the device name from the ojutput specification.? EXCHANGE uses the device name specified for the input, sinceB it is not possible to rename a file from one device to another. 2 Qualifiers /LOG /LOG /NOLOG8 Controls whether the RENAME command displays the file= specification of each file that it renames. The default is /NOLOG. /PROTECT /PROTECT /NOPROTECTA Determines whether protection is set for an RT-11 output file. The default is /NOPROTECT.kC This qualifier is not valid for Files-11 or DOS-11 output files.? Protection attributes for Files-11 output are taken from the& current process default protection.> EXCHANGE does not attempt to transfer protection attributes@ from the input file to the output file. Protection mechanisms? of various operating systems do not readily translate to one another.= The owner UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current process. /SYSTEM /SYSTEM l /NOSYSTEMB Controls whether the RENAME command renames files that have theA file type SYS. These files are usually files necessary for theD operation of an RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle SYS files in this manner.B The default is /NOSYSTEM; the RENAME command does not rename anD RT-11 file with the type SYS, whether it is matched by a wildcardD specification or is named explicitly. EXCHANGE displays a message7 when it skips an SYS file during a rename operamtion.= EXCHANGE handles files with the file type BAD in a similarB manner; that is, the rename operation skips BAD files. However,C EXCHANGE does not warn that BAD files are being skipped, and theA /SYSTEM qualifier has no effect on BAD files. To rename a fileB with the type BAD, specify the file explicitly instead of using wildcards. /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=option= Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed.> EXCHANGE supports tnhe RENAME command on RT-11 volumes only. 2 Examples* 1.EXCHANGE> RENAME DMA0:AVERAG.OBJ MEANB The command in this example changes the file name of the file AVERAG.OBJ to MEAN.OBJ.& 2.EXCHANGE> RENAME DLA2:*.TXT *.OLD@ The command in this example renames all files with the fileA type TXT to files with the file type OLD; the file names are not changed.- 3.EXCHANGE> RENAME/LOG DMA0:DATA.* NEWA %EXCHANGE-I-RENAMED, _DMA0:DATA.AAA renamed too _DMA0:NEW.AAAA %EXCHANGE-I-RENAMED, _DMA0:DATA.BBB renamed to _DMA0:NEW.BBBA %EXCHANGE-I-RENAMED, _DMA0:DATA.CCC renamed to _DMA0:NEW.CCCC The command in this example illustrates wildcard characters inD the input file names. The device DMA0 contains three files with@ the file name DATA; the result is the renaming of all three. files as displayed by the /LOG qualifier. ww' 1 SHOW6 Displays the devices currently mounted by EXCHANGE.p Format SHOW 2 Example EXCHANGE> MOUNT DBA0:B %EXCHANGE-I-VMSMOUNT, a "$ MOUNT /FOREIGN DBA0:" command was done by Exchange> %EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTED, the RT-11 volume _DBA0: has been mounted EXCHANGE> MOUNT DLA2:B %EXCHANGE-I-VMSMOUNT, a "$ MOUNT /FOREIGN DLA2:" command was done by Exchange> %EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTED, the RT-11 volume _DLA2: has been mounted0 EXCHANGE> INITIALIZE/CREATE WRKD:[USER]VIRT.DSK@ %EXCHANGE-S-INITIALIZED, the RT-11 voluqme WRKD:[USER]VIRT.DSK;1# has been initialized' EXCHANGE> MOUNT/VIRTUAL DISK: VIRT.DSK> %EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTVER, the RT-11 volume DISK: has been mounted3 using the file WRKD:[USER]VIRT.DSK;1 EXCHANGE> SHOW Mounted volumes:& volume format: RT-116 volume class: disk (virtual volume)6 virtual file name: WRKD:[USER]VIRT.DSK;1, volume size: 494 blocks _DLA2:& volume format: r RT-11% volume class: disk' physical device name: _DLA2:- volume size: 20480 blocks _DBA0:& volume format: RT-11% volume class: disk' physical device name: _DBA0:- volume size: 65535 blocks EXCHANGE>@ The MOUNT commands in this example mount foreign devices on@ drives DBA0 and DLA2. The SHOW command displays all devices# currently mounted by EXCHANGE.s ww7 1 TYPEC Displays the contents of a file or group of files on the current output device. Format TYPE file-spec[, . . . ] 2 Parameters file-spec[, . . . ]B Specifies the names of one or more input files to be copied. IfB you specify more than one input file, separate them with eitherC commas or plus signs. You can specify standard OpenVMS wildcardsA in file names, both Files-11 and foreign. You can use wildcard.t directories with Files-11 and DOS-11 input.? The syntax for the file names is dependent on the particular+ volume format option present or implied. 2 Qualifiers /LOG /LOG /NOLOGA Controls whether TYPE displays the file specifications of each file displayed.C If you specify /LOG, the TYPE command displays the following for each copy operation:7 o File specifications of the input and output filesD o Number of blocks or the nuumber of records copied (depending onB whether the file is copied on a block-by-block or record-by- record basis) /RECORD_FORMAT' /RECORD_FORMAT=(option[, . . . ])< Defines the internal record structure of a file and other attributes of the records. /REWIND /REWIND /NOREWINDA Controls whether the DOS-11 input magnetic tape reel logicallyA rewinds to the beginning-of-tape mark before EXCHANGE searches2 for the file name givenv in the input specifier.@ Use this qualifier only for DOS-11 magnetic tape devices. TheB default is /NOREWIND; you should use /REWIND when you want TYPEA to start searching for a file at the beginning of the magnetic, tape rather than at the current position. /VOLUME_FORMAT /VOLUME_FORMAT=optionA Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The< default format qualifier is dependent on the device type. 2 Example7 EXCHANGE> TYPE DYA0:BEAM.RAT/VOLUME=RT11/RECORD=STREAM= The command in this example copies the RT-11 file to theC current SYS$OUTPUT device. The two qualifiers are the defaults- if DYA0 was mounted as a foreign volume.ww